Hydrogeochemical Features and Genesis of Confined Groundwater and Health Perspectives for Sustainable Development in Urban Hengshui, North China Plain

Groundwater in confined aquifers is the preferred water resource worldwide, and its hydrochemical quality premise for sustainable development. A systematic hydrogeochemical research was conducted to get insight into characteristics, genesis, potential health threats of groundwater, based on analytical data 45 groundwater samples collected from urban area Hengshui, Central North China Plain (NCP). The results showed most had desirable with a nearly neutral slightly alkaline nature dominantly soft-fresh Cl-Na face. Solute chemistry governed by rock-water interaction including minerals dissolution ion exchange, but out anthropogenic influences. All nitrogen pollutants Zn were within limit, while F?, Mn, Fe beyond limit recommended WHO 28.9%, 15.6%, 68.9% samples. Overall chronic risk these toxic elements identified terms various populations mainly contributed F?. Infants more prone risks aqueous pollutants. Differential supplies are recommended, improvement measures suggested be aiming at harmful fluoride groundwater. present could provide valuable references sustainability utilization sedimentary plains like NCP worldwide.